Renewable Energy from Environmental Flows: Wind, Wave and Tide

Learning Outcomes

Subject Specific Practical Skills

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Carry out Blade Element Momentum analysis calculations for turbine performance.
• Examine possible response modes and likely issues associated with long-term operation.
• Carry out experimental laboratory and data analysis to test the performance of wave energy devices
• Estimate the energy yield of a specific site based on knowledge of annual variation in sea state or wind speed or marine current
• Calculate structural loads on devices as well as on foundations, fixings/mooring systems.
• Match performance of energy device to suitable generator system.

Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

• Appraise the methods of calculating the resultant structural loads and responses due to environmental flows.
• Predict the dynamics of the ocean and atmosphere required to estimate energy extraction resources.
• Appraise how devices are sited and the considerations required for installation, maintenance, operational control and eventual decommissioning
• Formulate fluid dynamic analysis of potential or actual devices for extracting energy from the environment.
• Assess physical principles that can be used to extract usable energy from wind, wave and current

Transferable and Generic Skills

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Awareness of interaction between engineering system design and local environment.
• Think, observe, communicate, evaluate information and data, analyse and solve problems.

Subject Specific Intellectual and Research Skills

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Assemble and critically review technical literature relevant to renewable energy.
• Judge the trade-offs between suitable sites and issues associated with performance of renewable energy systems.
• Appraise the complexities associated with their potential environmental impact on noise, visual intrusion, marine life alongside safety of shipping as well as benefits through savings in CO2.
• Assess performance of wind and current turbines alongside a selection of wave energy devices.

Learning Outcomes

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• M1/C1 Apply a comprehensive knowledge of mathematics, statistics, natural science and engineering principles to the solution of the complex problem of matching a renewable energy system to a specific resource. As a rapidly evolving area much of the knowledge is at the forefront of research in wind, wave and tidal energy systems and informed by a critical awareness due to long standing research expertise in the School of Engineering in this area. M2/C2 Formulate and analyse complex environmental flow regimes and device performance to reach substantiated conclusions as to the most effective solution at a given site. This involves evaluating available data using first principles of mathematics, statistics, natural science and engineering principles, and using engineering judgment to work with information that may be uncertain or incomplete, discussing the limitations of the techniques employed M4/C4 Select and critically evaluate technical renewable energy literature and other sources of information to solve M6/C6 Apply an integrated or systems approach based on use of analytical methods, computational tools and model scale experimental tests to the solution of complex problem of ship energy efficiency M7/C7 Evaluate the environmental and societal impact of solutions to the complexities of balance of societal/environmental challenges in context of environmental impact at local vs global benefits of renewable systems. This includes the effect of end-of-life decommissioning and trade offs of operational/maintenance risks M12/C12 Use practical and workshop skills in the laboratory in the 138 m x 6 m x 3.5 m Boldrewood tank to investigate complex performance of a point absorber wave energy device as a function of wave frequency and power take off. M15/C15 Apply knowledge of engineering management principles and commercial context to the design of wind and tidal arrays C3 Select and apply appropriate computational and analytical techniques to model wind , wave and tidal energy systems, recognising the trade-off of analytical cost against numbers of design evaluated C5 Design renewable energy solutions for complex problems that meet a combination of societal, user, business and customer needs as appropriate. This involves consideration of applicable health safety, diversity, inclusion, cultural, societal, environmental and commercial matters, codes of practice and industry standards

• Overview of Environmental Energy Extraction Techniques: wind, wave and current
• Survey of existing devices: what is in use, where are they located, operational issues, likely developments
• Review of Fluid Dynamic Theory for renewable environmental device: potential flow/viscous flow, wave theory, bernoulli's, boundary layers, incompressible/compressible, cavitation, noise
• Dynamics of Ocean (wave statistics and associated energy, interaction of tide on currents, geostrophic phenomena, local bathymetry
• Dynamics of Atmosphere: overview of process of surface shear generating boundary layers, thermal effects giving rise to global weather systems, local wind profiles and methods of calculating influence of surface roughness on profiles, wind gradients, turbulence levels.
• Suitable sites: use of energy density surveys, measuring devices for specific sites, calculating annual yield, fluctuations in supply, use of probabilistic techniques.
• Analysis techniques: Blade element momentum theory for wind/wave - horizontal axis, vertical axis, uses of ducts, controllable vs fixed pitch, coastal wave, tidal lagoons, floating

wave energy devices. turbines for low and high head systems. Matching power to generator system. Use of more advanced CFD.

• Environmental Loading: Possible support structures, foundations, piles, moorings. Loads on device itself -centripetal, environmental, fatigue, noise generation.
• Structural Response: How device and support structure respond to applied loads - motions in wave, necessary sizing for components, issues of maintainability, installation, operational.

Classification and certification.

• GW scale devices: Array performance for wind, wave and tidal systems. Interaction effects. Effects on costs and installation processes as well as operational /maintenance issues.
• Environmental Impact, Societal Interactions and Safety: What are the issues for specific site, planning permission process, managing public understanding, EIA, mitigating negative impacts on wildlife etc, operational safety.

Teaching methods include

• Lectures and tutorials including industry lectures.
• Computer design laboratories and use of the Boldrewood 138 m long towing tank laboratory to study wave energy devices.
• Blackboard based studies.

Learning activities include

• Directed reading.
• Analytical assignments (three: one on design of offshore wind turbine, one on laboratory assessment of wave energy device at model and full scale (formative), one of performance of array of tidal turbines.
• Access to web-based materials.

Formative

This is how we’ll give you feedback as you are learning. It is not a formal test or exam.

A lab report

• Assessment Type: Formative
• Feedback: Students will present findings as a group and receive feedback via group discussion
• Final Assessment: No
• Group Work: No

Summative

This is how we’ll formally assess what you have learned in this module.

Referral

This is how we’ll assess you if you don’t meet the criteria to pass this module.

Repeat

An internal repeat is where you take all of your modules again, including any you passed. An external repeat is where you only re-take the modules you failed.