Hydrodynamics

Learning Outcomes

Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

• A comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the scientific principles and methodology necessary to underpin their education in Maritime Engineering, to enable appreciation of the scientific and engineering context, and to support your understanding of relevant historical, current and future developments and technologies
• Knowledge and understanding of mathematical and statistical methods necessary to underpin your education in Maritime Engineering, and to enable you to apply a range of mathematical and statistical methods, tools and notations proficiently and critically in the analysis and solution of engineering problems
• Awareness of developing technologies related to Maritime Engineering
• Knowledge and understanding of risk issues, including health & safety, environmental and commercial risk, and of risk assessment and risk management techniques
• Ability to apply relevant practical and laboratory skills
• Ability to work with technical uncertainty
• Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies
• Ability to apply quantitative and computational methods, in order to solve engineering problems and implement appropriate action
• Understanding of engineering principles and the ability to apply them to analyse key engineering processes
• Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (eg operations and management, application and development of technology, etc)
• Understanding of, and the ability to apply, an integrated or systems approach to solving complex engineering problems
• Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (eg operations and management, application and development of technology, etc)
• Understanding of the use of technical literature and other information sources

Transferable and Generic Skills

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Ability to identify, classify and describe the performance of systems and components through the use of analytical methods and modelling techniques

Full CEng Programme Level Learning Outcomes

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Apply an integrated approach to analyse a wing design problem. The lab report is the place where this is assessed. Multiple tools are used to verify the outcome and communicated using a holistic lab report that presents information from 4 different labs
• Apply a comprehensive knowledge of mathematics, statistics and principles to the solution of complex hydrodynamic problems especially applied to determination of forces/moments of hydrodynamic surface, which is assessed via quizzes and final assessment.
• Communicate effectively on complex hydrodynamic issues with technical and non-technical audiences, evaluating the effectiveness of the methods used. This will be assessed with the lab report where you are expected to provide a brief non-technical introduction and then provide technical details on the different tools used for the analysis.
• Select and apply appropriate computational and analytical techniques to model complex hydrodynamic problems with sufficient recognition on limitations of the technique. These are assessed in quizzes, final assessment, and laboratory report
• Use a risk management process to identify, evaluate and mitigate risks (the effects of uncertainty) associated with the evaluation of lift and drag as well as associated trade-offs. This is assessed in the laboratory report where multiple theoretical, numerical, and experimental data sources are used to verify the outcome.
• Use practical laboratory and workshop skills to investigate hydrodynamic problems. This is assessed with compulsory attendance, performing experiments (in pairs) and use the collected data in preparing the laboratory report.
• Formulate and analyse complex problems in hydrodynamics that involves using available data, mathematics, and engineering principles. Use engineering judgment to use/discard uncertain or incomplete data discussing the limitations of the techniques employed. This will be assessed in quizzes as well as laboratory report.

Fundamental concepts:

Recap of Thermofluids concepts, non-dimensional numbers and sanity checks, Partial derivatives and corresponding physical concepts, numerical implementation, vorticity & irrotational flow, Mass and momentum conservation using partial derivatives, How CFD works.

Viscous flow:

Types of boundary layers, integral properties of boundary layers, displacement thickness, momentum thickness, momentum integral equation for a flat plate (MIE), power law approximations for turbulent boundary layers, drag on a flat plate for laminar and turbulent flow including transition. Numerical implementation of various concepts.

Potential Flow:

Streamlines and velocity potential, Laplace equation, Uniform stream, source/sink, doublet and line vortex. Superposition of different flow elements with examples: uniform flow with source, flow around circular cylinder/doublet, lifting flow over circular cylinder, method of images.

Thin Aerofoil Theory:

Kutta-Joukowski theorem, Vortex sheets, Kutta condition, symmetric aerofoil (lift-versus-angle of attack, aerodynamic centre & centre of pressure) and cambered aerofoil (lift-versus-angle of attack), surface loading/pressure distribution, Flow over real airfoils.

Finite Wing Theory:

Downwash & induced drag, Biot-Savart law, bound vorticity, horseshoe vortex, classical lifting line theory, application to elliptic & general wing planforms, Flow over real wings.

Laboratory sessions:

1) Boundary layer lab – measuring velocity profiles of laminar and turbulent boundary layers

2) CFD lab – application of commercial CFD software to flow over an aerofoil

3) Wind tunnel lab for an infinite wing – measuring pressure distribution and integrating it to estimate lift.

4) Wind tunnel lab for a finite wing - measuring lift and drag of a finite wing and assessing its performance

Teaching methods will include lectures, video tutorials, drop-in sessions and laboratory demonstrations. Learning activities include directed reading, problem solving, report writing.

Summative

This is how we’ll formally assess what you have learned in this module.

Referral

This is how we’ll assess you if you don’t meet the criteria to pass this module.