Reactor Design for Sustainable Processing

Learning Outcomes

Subject Specific Intellectual and Research Skills

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Design a reactor based on specified input and output criteria, design for scale and sustainable design
• Develop and apply suitable mathematical models to design reactors for specific technologies and processes.
• Evaluate the importance of chemical processes in the choice, design, and justification of reactor systems.
• Apply engineering analysis to chemical processes found in real energy technology applications.
• Design and conduct experiment to generate engineering data for reactor design

Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

• Biological reaction kinetics for bioreactor design.
• The impact of homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical processes in reactor design and operation.
• Chemical and energy flows occurring in reactors for low carbon and bioenergy applications.

Subject Specific Practical Skills

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Design a reactor based on specified input and output criteria.
• Perform numerical analysis on chemical processes in order to identify and optimise prospective reactor technologies.

Transferable and Generic Skills

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Communicate in a clear, structured and efficient manner.
• Present technical and economic assessments of investment options, accounting for uncertainty.

Chemical reaction processes

An introduction to the role the chemical reactions play in the design of reactors and the environment created within the reaction vessel. Material to be considered includes:

• Homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions
• Catalysis
• Mass transport
• Reaction interfaces
• Mass and energy balances
• Rate laws, kinetics and thermodynamics

Reaction vessel Design:

An overview of the appropriate processes and components required in reaction vessel design will be provided through case studies and include:

• Process flow diagram, reactor components and balance of plant
• Types of reactors (fluidised beds, plug-flow, continuous, batch etc)
• Material selection and compatibility
• Mathematical treatment of reaction environments
• Chemical, electrochemical and biological reaction mechanisms

Applications:

Chemical and biochemical reaction processes and reaction vessel design will be developed around, sustainable reactor applications including:

Case studies

1. Biodireactor for fermentation-based chemical production (8 lectures)

• Kinetics of cell growth, substrate consumption and product formation
• Bioreactor types and selection
• Bioreactor operation modes: batch, fed-batch and continuous
• Gas-liquid transfer, measurement of volumetric mass transfer coefficient and design for oxygen transfer
• Mixing and power input
• Bioreactor design

2. Green Chemistry (5 Lectures)

• Principles of GC
• Brown Chemistry
• LCA analysis and case studies
• sustainability and UN drivers
• Economics of GC

3. Flow reactors for energy storage (2 lectures)

• Flow battery design, operation and performance
• Electrochemical energy conversion in flow reactors
• Free energy, voltage and Nernst equation in relation to battery design
• Faradays Laws and space time yield
• Current distribution, bypass currents and cell balancing
• Single pass, recirculated flow or cascade stack configuration including effects of concentration distribution in battery operation

4. Heterogeneous catalyst design for optimising reactor performance (3 lectures)

• Catalysis for fine chemicals (e.g. pharmaceuticals)
• Design of hybrid catalysts
• Catalyst deactivation mechanisms
• Catalyst characterisation techniques
• Designing fixed bed reactors for chemical processes
• Utilising carbon dioxide as a feedstock

Teaching methods include

• Lectures including examples.
• Set example questions are supported by group problem solving sessions.
• Guest lectures to provide industrial input.
• Laboratory practical sessions.

Learning activities include

• Directed reading.
• Group and individual work on examples.
• Coursework: to produce a short report or experimental write-up.

Summative

This is how we’ll formally assess what you have learned in this module.

Referral

This is how we’ll assess you if you don’t meet the criteria to pass this module.

Repeat

An internal repeat is where you take all of your modules again, including any you passed. An external repeat is where you only re-take the modules you failed.