Pre-seen Exam Questions for PY104
These are the 11 categories of questions from which two each will
appear on the final exam.
In this hypermail version, the sources in which you will find
the answers are linked to the questions. Just click on the URLs
and the web will open that document for you. Then use the "FIND" button
at the top of Netscape, put in a keyword, and it will find the passage
that discusses the point you are looking for.
On the exam, there will only be 22 questions, 2 from each of the 11
categories below. You will need to pick one question out of all but one
of the categories to answer. You may omit one pair, for a total of 10
answers. Your answers should be clear and understandable to someone who
does not know the answer to the question ("kid-sib"). About one
paragraph should do for each question. Apportion your time well: 12
minutes per question. Don't spend longer on any one question till you
have replied to them all.
CREATIVITY
*What role does analogy play in creative thinking?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad.creativity.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.boden.html
Why is it easier to measure intelligence than creativity?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad.creativity.html
Discuss Pasteur's observation that "Chance Favours the Prepared Mind."
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad.creativity.html
What is the difference between an unconscious process and an unconscious mind?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad.creativity.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/merikle.unconsc.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.boden.html
*Is giftedness inborn or is it the product of learning?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/howe.innate.html
*Discuss "practice makes perfect" in relation to creativity.
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/howe.innate.html
Can there be an algorithm for creativity?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad.creativity.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.boden.html
CONSCIOUSNESS
*What evidence is there for the existence of unconscious perception?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/merikle.unconsc.html
Describe Libet's findings on the timing of a decision to move.
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.dennett.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Foundations.Cognition/subject.html#
Describe Donders's subtractive method for timing cognition.
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.posner.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
Why is there a problem about consciousness as a cause?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad95.zombies.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/dretske.good.html
*What is Orwellian and Stalinesque revision?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.dennett.html
What is the Turing Test?
ftp://cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk/pub/harnad/Harnad/harnad92.turing
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html
*How can we know if a memory is real?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/loftus.mem.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
EVOLUTION
What is the difference between proximal and distal ("ultimate") causes in
evolution?
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/TomNolen/bil241/BIL241StudyGuidePart1.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
*What is the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.mealey.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What is the "Blind Watchmaker"?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
http://www.hotwired.com/wired/3.07/features/dawkins.html
http://psych.lmu.edu/hbes/wright.htm
What is inclusive fitness?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
http://rumba.ics.uci.edu:8080/faqs/faq-intro-to-biology.html
What is the "base-rate" fallacy?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.koehler.html
http://cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk/cgi-bin/newpsy?4.49
*What is the difference between behaviour genetics and sociobiology?
http://lasparc.science.mcmaster.ca/Psychology/anim.behav.soc.html
http://www.siu.edu/departments/cola/psycho/intro/unit2ovr.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
*How can evolution help explain cognition?
http://cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk:80/~bbs/Archive/bbs.donald.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
LANGUAGE
What is the difference between syntax and semantics?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/pinker.langacq.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Thinking.Psychologically/subject.html#start
What is the Poverty of the Stimulus?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/pinker.langacq.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/pullum.learn.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Thinking.Psychologically/subject.html#start
*What are over- and underextension in word learning?
<A HREF="http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/bates-carnevale.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/markman.lang.html
*What is modularity?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/bates-1994.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.karmsmith.html
What is wrong with Skinner's explanation of language learning?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/pinker.langacq.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Thinking.Psychologically/subject.html#start
What is Universal Grammar (UG)?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/pinker.langacq.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Thinking.Psychologically/subject.html#start
*What is "parameter setting"?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/pinker.langacq.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Thinking.Psychologically/subject.html#start
CATEGORISATION
What is the Classical View of Categorisation?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Foundations.Cognition/subject.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad87.cpreview.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad87.categorization.html
What is the evidence for a prototype theory of category representation?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/pinker.conn.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What is Categorical Perception?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad87.cpreview.html
What is the Symbol Grounding Problem?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Foundations.Cognition/subject.html
What is the problem of "vanishing intersections"?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad87.categorization.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What is Pinker's critique of neural nets?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/pinker.conn.html
What is Searle's Chinese Room Argument?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Foundations.Cognition/subject.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/searle.comp.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/searle.prob.html
NETS
What is the difference between supervised and unsupervised learning?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
Best:Chapter handout (paper)
What is the evidence that neural nets are like the brain?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
Best:Chapter handout (paper)
What is the Exclusive-Or Problem?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Py104/bates_elman.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
Best:Chapter handout (paper)
What is backpropagation?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
Best:Chapter handout (paper)
What is the difference between a neural net and a symbol system?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
Best:Chapter handout (paper)
What is Minsky's critique of perceptrons?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Py104/bates_elman.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
Best:Chapter handout (paper)
What is Pylyshyn's critique of neural nets?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
COMPUTATION
What is computation?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What is an algorithm?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What is a Turing Machine?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/searle.comp.html
Why does the shape of a symbol need to be arbitrary?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html
What are "Granny Objections" to computation? Give examples.
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What is a proposition?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html
Give examples of symbol systems.
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/searle.comp.html
IMAGERY
What is the difference between an image and a symbol?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html
Kosslyn:Chapter handout (paper)
What is Analog Processing?
Kosslyn:Chapter handout (paper)
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What is the Homunculus Problem?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
Who won the Imagery Debate? Why?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Foundations.Cognition/subject.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.jeannerod.html
and Kosslyn:Chapter handout (paper)
What is Pylyshyn's critique of mental imagery?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
and Kosslyn:Chapter handout (paper)
Discuss: A picture is worth a thousand words
Lectures & Kosslyn: Chapter handout (paper)
Discuss: "This is not a pipe" (Lectures)
BRAIN
What is a retinotopic map?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.posner.html
)(http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What are Event-Related Potentials?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.posner.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What is the difference between a mental image and a brain image?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.posner.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What questions can brain images answer that behaviour alone cannot?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
How can you find out "how" from "when" and "where"?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.posner.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What is the somatosensory homunculus?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.posner.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What is the difference between PET and MRI images?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.posner.html
MIND/BODY
What is the mind/body problem?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/searle.prob.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What is the other-minds problem?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What is consciousness?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/dretske.good.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/freeman.searle.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/mandler.cons.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What is "folk psychology"?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~bbs/Archive/bbs.dennett.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/goldman.consc.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/goldman.psyc.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What are monism and dualism?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/searle.prob.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/dennett.rob.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
What is the difference between movement and telekinesis?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
Are we machines?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/dennett.rob.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/subject.html#start
BEHAVIOURISM
What is wrong with introspection as a way to study the mind?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/anderson.every.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/goldman.consc.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/merikle.unconsc.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Thinking.Psychologically/subject.html#start
What was right about behaviourism?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/anderson.every.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/goldman.consc.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/searle.prob.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/
What was wrong about behaviourism?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/anderson.every.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/goldman.consc.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/searle.prob.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/
What are the observables of psychology?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/anderson.every.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/searle.prob.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/
What is reverse engineering?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/dennett.eng.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/
What needs to be explained about the mind? Give examples.
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad95.zombies.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/
What is the difference between cognitivism and behaviourism?
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/py104/millikan6.html
http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Explaining.Mind/
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