Peter Suber writes:
: Excerpts from the Free Online Scholarship (FOS) Newsletter
: January 30, 2002
:
:
: Thoughts on commercial use of FOS
:
: I've been arguing with friends recently about the commercial repackaging of
: FOS. If authors create free online access to their work, then it's not
: only free for researchers but also for commercial publishers. What rights
: should users have to incorporate FOS into commercial products (with or
: without add-ons) and what rights should authors have to block it? (See
: FOSN for 7/17/01 and 8/7/01.)
:
: Now I know that true friends of FOS can disagree strongly on this
: question. Some other time I can go over the major arguments pro and con.
: Right now I want to focus on the fact of the disagreement itself.
:
: The disagreement is somewhat ominous to me because the open software
: movement experienced a schism on just this point. The free software wing
: of the movement (the Richard Stallman school) blocks commercial use, while
: the open source wing of the movement (the Eric Raymond school) permits it.
I do not believe that there is actually a schism, since both Stallman
and Raymond want the source code for computer programs---the easily
readable code that other programmers can modify and incorporate
in whole or in part in other programs---to be freely available. And
both believe that software that meets that requirement should be
commercially available. Stallman and the Free Software Foundation
have no objection to people selling their software---Stallman
has often said that the ``free'' in ``free software'' means ``free''
as in ``free speech,'' not ``free'' as in ``free beer.'' Stallman's
``free software'' is thus a subset of Raymond's ``open software.''
The difference between Stallman and Raymond has to do with a tactical
issue that is of great importance when one is dealing with software,
but is not so likely to be of importance in the case of scholarly
publications: should ``derivative works,'' new programs that
incorporate open source software---be required to be distributed
as open source software.
Consider two examples:
1.) the Linux operating system is distributed under the GPL license of
the Free Software Foundation, and thus any new version of that
operating system must be distributed, if it is distributed at all,
with its source code. Yet there are several companies that sell
distributions of Linux and lots of other open software. I purchased
the Linux distribution that I am using to type this from RedHat
(although if I wanted to put up with the hassel, I could have
downloaded it from the Internet for free). The distribution includes
two CDroms containing the source code for all of the programs in
the Distribution.
2.) The new Apple Macintosh OS X operating system is based on BSD
Unix, an open source operating system that is not subject to
the Free Software Foundations GPL license, so, though the source
code for the BSD Unix portion of the operating system is freely
available, the source code for OS X is not disclosed.
Linux is free and open software; BSD Unix is open but not free, and
OS X is neither free nor open. All three are sold commercially
although one can also get copies of Linux and BSD Unix without charge.
I do not see whether the placing of a scholarly article in a freely
accessible archive should have any bearing upon whether one is
allowed to make a derivative work from that article, or whether
if one is allowed to make such a derivative work one can do so only
if one places that derivative work in an open archive. Scholarly
articles, after all, are written in humanly readable source code,
or at least they should be readable.
As to whether others may commercially distribute the articles in an
open archive, surely that decision can be left up to the individual
authors or whoever holds the authors' copyrights.
: The free software school uses the GNU General Public License (GPL), which
: requires those who adopt, modify, and redistribute GPL code to give their
: users all the rights they themselves enjoyed, including the right to see
: and modify the code free of charge. That prevents commercial use and that
: is part of the point. It's also one reason why Microsoft is blowing the
: trumpet to warn corporate America not to use code protected by the GPL.
:
: The open source movement doesn't use just one kind of license, the way the
: free software movement uses the GPL. But the open source licenses
: typically allow users to incorporate open source code into larger projects
: which are then sold for profit as closed source packages. Section 1 of the
: official Open Source Definition asserts that open source licenses "shall
: not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a
: component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from
: several different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other
: fee for such sale." This is why, for example, IBM can incorporate the
: Apache server (open source) into WebSphere (closed source) and sell it.
:
: There is at least one reason to fear that the FOS movement may bifurcate
: along similar lines: its proponents already disagree on this question.
:
: But there are some reasons to think that it may not bifurcate. There are
: several differences between scholarship and software that may be germane
: here. One is that software has a greater potential for commercial success
: than scholarship. More people are willing to buy it and the market for it
: will bear higher prices. Another is that the authors of scholarship tend
: not to be the parties who profit from its sale, while the reverse is true
: for software. A third difference is that scholars build on previous
: scholarship by quoting and citing it, not by copying and modifying
: it. Will these differences make a difference?
:
: One way to avert bifurcation seems unavailable to us, namely, to convert
: people who think one way to think the other way instead. By all means let
: the reasoned discourse continue. But I suspect that this is an issue
: calling for political accommodation, or agreement to disagree, not for the
: clincher argument that converts infidels and certainly not for the One True
: Church that suppresses free thinkers.
:
: I've moved around a bit since I started thinking about these issues. I now
: lean toward permitting commercial use. But I want to make this preference
: genial, or compatible with the opposite preference, so that the FOS
: movement can recruit and retain authors who oppose commercial use. I also
: want an exception to prevent the exploitation of consumers who, if they
: were better informed, would not buy what they could get for free. Is there
: room for waffling here? Could evangelistic waffling prevent bifurcation?
:
: What do you think? Will the open scholarship movement bifurcate? Are
: there steps we can take now to prevent bifurcation?
:
: Free Software Foundation (Stallman school)
:
http://www.gnu.org/
:
: Open Source Initiative (Raymond school)
:
http://www.opensource.org/
:
: GNU General Public License (GPL)
:
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
:
: Open Source Definition version 1.9 (see Section 1)
:
http://www.opensource.org/docs/definition.html
:
: Open Source Licenses
:
http://www.opensource.org/licenses/
:
: Apache open source license
:
http://www.opensource.org/licenses/apachepl.html
:
: IBM's WebSphere
:
http://www-3.ibm.com/software/info1/websphere/
:
: Microsoft's opposition to GPL
:
http://www.microsoft.com/business/downloads/licensing/Gpl_faq.doc
:
http://news.com.com/2100-1001-268889.html
:
: * Postscript. For a case study in the blending of FOS and commercial
: interests, see the next story.
:
: ----------
:
: FOS concessions at Elsevier
:
: Elsevier's Scirus now searches arXiv. Scirus is a free search engine of
: (mostly) unfree literature. It ranges over all of Elsevier's priced
: ejournals and some free sources as well. Now arXiv is among the free
: sources.
:
http://makeashorterlink.com/?V1F32175
: (Thanks to NewsLink.)
:
: This is not a large concession to FOS. It's more a way to bundle a free
: service with a paid service in order to enhance the package for paying
: customers, like a restaurant offering all the water you can drink. It
: gives more bang for the buck and it doesn't matter that the extra bang is
: also available to those with no bucks. Last year the Chemical Abstracts
: Service did the same thing when it added one-click Google searches to its
: paid service, eScience (see FOSN for 7/17/01).
:
: But this does recognize arXiv as a source of worthy literature --a free
: service that enhances the paid service rather than simply cluttering
: it. It recognizes arXive as a source worth searching by scientists and
: worth bragging about in an Elsevier press release. This recognition may be
: more important than the searching itself. It can't be a concession that
: Elsevier is ready to revoke if FOS gets too threatening. Removing a
: popular body of literature from the Scirus index will be like --removing
: free water from restaurant tables. And in any case, it's hard to imagine a
: more popular FOS source than arXiv already is among physicists. So this
: looks like a long-term accommodation. But if so, what does that mean for
: other FOS sources that the scientific users of Scirus would like to search
: as well, especially future sources that approach arXive in popularity?
:
: Jan Velterop has pointed out to me that for some time Elsevier journals
: have permitted author self-archiving. Elsevier doesn't allow authors to
: put their refereed postprints in a free archive, but it does allow authors
: to keep unrefereed preprints in free archives in perpetuity.
:
http://authors.elsevier.com/PublisherInfoDetail.html?dc=CI#internet
:
: Self-archiving of preprints isn't quite as useful as self-archiving of
: postprints, but certainly good enough. To supplement an archived preprint,
: the author can always add a page of corrigenda explaining how the preprint
: differs from the postprint, and thereby give users of the free archive all
: the pieces of the final draft.
:
: In one sense Elsevier's concession here is also small, because journals
: have no legal basis to object to the presence of preprints in free
: archives. (If authors transfer copyright to a journal, they do so for the
: revised final draft, not for the preprint.) But for the same reason,
: Elsevier didn't have to say in public that it permitted this practice. It
: might have hoped that authors wouldn't know their rights or take full
: advantage of them.
:
: Finally, of course, Elsevier has its own large experiment in FOS, offering
: most of the contents of ChemWeb and all the contents of the Chemistry
: Preprint Server at no charge.
:
http://www.chemweb.com/
:
http://preprint.chemweb.com/
:
: How do you read these signs? Is it an experiment to see whether FOS can be
: economically self-sustaining? (ChemWeb is supported by advertisers and
: sponsors.) To see whether alliances with FOS (through Scirus and
: self-archiving) help or hurt the bottom line? Is it an attempt to learn
: the economics and markets of FOS in order to be a few steps ahead of
: competitors when FOS becomes the dominant form of scholarly publishing? Is
: this the scholarly publishing version of Microsoft's "embrace and extend"
: strategy?
:
: ----------
:
: Two other FOS declarations
:
: In the last issue I featured the Declaration of Havana. Clicking around
: the sites of its backers I found two related public statements. Both, like
: the Declaration of Havana, focus on the benefits of FOS for developing
: countries.
:
: The _Declaration of San José Towards the Virtual Health Library_ was issued
: in San José, Costa Rica, on March 27, 1998, by the delegates of the Latin
: American and Caribbean System on Health Sciences Information (Bireme). The
: declaration asserts that "access to information" is "essential" to achieve
: the goals of health, well-being, equity of living conditions, and
: development. One purpose of the statement is to support the Virtual Health
: Library, a free online archive of health information for the countries of
: Latin America and the Caribbean.
:
: San José declaration
:
http://www.bireme.br/bvs/por/ideclar.htm
:
: Virtual Health Library
:
http://www.bireme.br/bvs/I/ihome.htm
:
: The _Statement from Cuban Health Care Workers and Christian Institutions_
: was issued on February 1, 1996. It asserts that "access to information" is
: not only essential for health care workers, but can save lives "more
: effectively than any medicine or new techniques". One purpose of the
: statement is to support Project InfoMed, a project providing free online
: access to medical journals and medical information primarily within
: Cuba. The statement also calls on the U.S. not to embargo the hardware
: (the "computers which represent a humanitarian gesture of solidarity")
: needed to support InfoMed.
:
: Statement from Cuban Health Care Workers
:
http://www.cubasolidarity.net/infomed.html
: (Scroll down about 60% of the page.)
:
: Project Infomed
:
http://www.cubasolidarity.net/infomed.html
: (Same URL as above)
:
: ----------
:
: Developments
:
: * The _Journal of High Energy Physics_ (JHEP), an early leader among FOS
: journals, will start to charge subscription fees at the end of 2002. It
: has been free since its launch in 1997. This was first announced in a
: November 12 press release in the _Institute of Physics News_ and recently
: elaborated in a thread of the September98 discussion forum. As Stevan
: Harnad points out in the forum, "[T]he ultimate irony is this: Virtually
: 100% of the papers appearing in JHEP are also self-archived by their
: authors in
http://www.arxiv.org . So even now that access to JHEP will
: become toll-based, the free versions will remain accessible through Arxiv!"
:
: November 12 press release
:
http://www.iop.org/Physics/News/0346j
:
: Discussion thread in September98 forum
:
http://makeashorterlink.com/?Y52E2655
:
: * The Internet Scout Report has launched a new series of free online
: newsletters called NSDL Scout Reports, one for the life sciences, one for
: the physical sciences, and one for math, engineering, and technology. Each
: describes new online resources in the relevant fields, with links of
: course. I suspect that most of the resources covered by the new reports
: will be free. But the only connection to the NSDL in these NSDL Scout
: Reports is that some NSDL money is subsidizing them. (NSDL is a huge free
: online archive of the sciences now under construction.)
:
: NSDL Scout Reports
:
http://scout.cs.wisc.edu/nsdl-reports/
:
: NSDL
:
http://nsdl.nsf.gov/
:
: * Australia's Northern Territory is considering a bill to provide "public
: access to information held by the public sector".
:
http://www.nt.gov.au/ntg/information/
: (Thanks to NewsAgent.)
:
: * The U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) has put online its Biennial
: Report to Congress on the Status of GPO Access. "GPO Access" is the free
: online information service of the GPO and one of the richest sources of FOS
: in the U.S. GPO Access hosts 2,200+ free online databases in addition to
: 130,000+ free online government documents and links to 94,000+ free online
: documents elsewhere. Since May of last year, users have downloaded more
: than 30 million documents per month from the GPO web sites.
:
http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/aces/biennial/index.html
: (Thanks to Current Cites.)
:
: * _Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews_ is a new, free online journal
: publishing substantial reviews of new books in philosophy. Readers may
: read the reviews at the web site or sign up to receive them by email.
:
http://ndpr.icaap.org/index.htm
:
: * A series of server crashes has interrupted access to Kluwer's online
: journals for many libraries, which has these paying subscribers
: understandably peeved. Librarians are sharing suggestions in a thread on
: the LibLicense discussion forum. I like David Goodman's suggestion: "In
: situations like this, where the problem is the access control rather than
: the source data, the best course for publishers is to simply make access
: free to everyone until they have fixed the problem."
:
http://makeashorterlink.com/?E1B62275
:
: * In the February _Cites & Insights_, Walt Crawford has (1) a good list of
: copyright developments in that past year that have affected libraries or
: scholarship, and (2) a review of the text-e virtual symposium on digital
: publishing along with his own responses to the symposium papers by Roger
: Chartier, Roberto Casati, Stevan Harnad, and Bruce Patino.
:
http://home.att.net/~wcc.techx/civ2i3.pdf
:
: * In the January issue of _Searcher_, Myer Kutz has an excellent, mostly
: sympathetic history of the recent "scholars' rebellion against scholarly
: publishing practices". He traces the story from the serials pricing
: crisis, the rebellion of librarians, the joining of the rebellion by
: professors, and the advent of SPARC, PubMed, BioMed Central, Public Library
: of Science, and TheScientificWorld. He closes with some assessments of
: rebel strategies. He advises that rebels should avoid the mistake of
: undermining society publishers as if they were equivalent to the commercial
: publishers. He expects more success stories from SPARC, and likes the
: original PLoS open letter than its newer plan to publish its own
: journals. He calls on STM publishers moderate their price increases and
: even moderate their profits.
:
http://www.infotoday.com/searcher/jan02/kutz.htm
: (Thanks to Walt Crawford.)
:
: * The December/January issue of _Ariadne_ has several FOS-related
: articles. I was too busy this week to read them and write summaries.
:
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue30/
:
: David Pearson, "Digitization: do we have a strategy?"
:
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue30/digilib/
:
: Leslie Chan and Barbara Kirsop, "Open Archiving Opportunities for
: Developing Countries: Towards Equitable Distribution of Global Knowledge"
: (using OAI to distribute texts in developing countries)
:
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue30/oai-chan/
: (PS: This is the published version of the essay noted in FOSN for 1/16/02.)
:
: Adam Hodgkin, "Reference books on the Web"
:
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue30/ref-books/
:
: Caroline Thibeaud, "Access to Archives: England’s Contribution to the
: National Archive Network"
:
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue30/archives/
:
: Pete Cliff, "Building ResourceFinder" (using OAI to enhance RDN)
:
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue30/rdn-oai/
:
: Jenny Rowley, "The JISC User Behaviour Monitoring and Evaluation Framework"
:
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue30/jisc/
:
: Randy Metcalfe, "My Humbul - Humbul Gets Personal" (see FOSN for 12/19/01)
:
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue30/myhumbul/
:
: Paul Browning and Mike Lowndes, "Content Management Systems: Who needs them?"
:
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue30/techwatch/
:
: Paul Miller, "The Concept of the Portal"
:
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue30/portal/
:
: * In FOSN for 1/8/02 I described the launch of GetInfo, a new portal and
: document delivery service for German science and technology. In my account
: I criticized GetInfo for charging access to its preprint archive. I've
: since received a response from Benjamin Ahlborn, a spokesman for
: GetInfo. "If the author tells us that he wants his document to be free of
: charge (as many scientists do) GetInfo has no choice but to comply....Also,
: if an author wants to charge for his documents we supply an e-commerce
: environment as well as an audience."
:
: GetInfo
:
http://www.getinfo-doc.de/
:
: GetInfo details on author choice
:
http://194.95.114.42/help_e.htm#DCCopyright
:
: ----------
:
: Conferences
:
: If you plan to attend one of the following conferences, please share your
: observations with us through our discussion forum.
:
: * Secure electronic publishing and data protection
:
http://www.onlinepublishingnews.com/htm/e20020130.064117.htm
: London, January 30
:
: * CIMI Institute Forum. New Developments in Standards for Digital Preservati
: on
:
http://www.cimi.org/ci/ci_0102_forum_reg.html
: Washington, D.C., January 31
:
: * EBLIDA workshop on the national implementation of the EU copyright directiv
: e.
:
http://www.ifla.org/VII/s8/eblidaws.htm
: London, February 1
:
: * High Quality Information For Everyone And What It Costs
:
http://www.ub.uni-bielefeld.de/2002conf/
: Bielefeld, February 5-7
:
: * International Conference on Bioinformatics 2002: North-South Network
:
http://incob.biotec.or.th/
: Bangkok, February 6-8
:
: * E-volving Information futures
:
http://www.vala.org.au/conf2002.htm
: Melbourne, February 6-8
:
: * Kongress für digitale Inhalte
:
http://www.e-content-forum.de/
: Wiesbaden, February 7-8
:
: * Book Tech 2002
:
http://www.booktechexpo.com/bt_index.bsp
: New York, February 11-13
:
: * "Will Free Expression Survive the Digital Media Revolution?" (A public
: panel discussion by EFF attorneys.)
:
http://www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/events/bayff.html
: Berkeley, February 12
:
: * Society for Scholarly Publishing, Top Management Roundtable. Successful
: Publishing in the Global Environment.
:
http://sspnet.org/public/articles/index.cfm?cat=45
: Washington, D.C., February 13-14
:
: * ICSTI Seminar on Digital Preservation of the Record of Science
:
http://www.alpsp.org/meetdb/searchresdet.cfm?ID=222
: Paris, February 14-15
:
: * Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics
:
http://www.cic.ipn.mx/cicling/2002/
: Mexico City, February 17-23
:
: * Wissensmanagement im universitären Bereich
:
http://www.mathematik.tu-darmstadt.de/ags/ag1/wisman01/
: February 19-20
:
: * Symposium on Foundations of Information and Knowledge Systems
:
http://foiks.massey.ac.nz/
: Schloß Salzau, February 19-23
:
: * Fifth International Publishers Association Copyright Conference
:
http://www.ipa-uie.org/ipa/AccraCoverpage.html
: Accra, Ghana, February 20-22
:
: * Integrating _at_ Internet Speed: Strategies for the Content Community
: [conference on reference linking]
:
http://www.pa.utulsa.edu/nfais/Conf2002/anco2002highlights.htm
: Philadelphia, February 24-27
:
: * Getting your message across: How learned societies and other
: organizations can influence public and government opinion
:
http://www.alpsp.org/s250202.htm
: London, February 25
:
: * Electronic Journals --Solutions in Sight?
:
http://www.subscription-agents.org/conference/200202/index.html
: London, February 25-26
:
: * [Public lecture], Will Thomas and Ed Ayers, "The Next Generation of
: Digital Scholarship: An Experiment in Form
:
http://www.neh.gov/news/ehumanities.html
: Washington, D.C., February 27
:
: * A Symposium on the Research Value of Printed Materials in the Digital Age
:
http://www.lib.umd.edu/TSD/PRES/symposium.html
: College Park, Maryland, March 1
:
: * International Spring School on the Digital Library and E-publishing for
: Science and Technology
:
http://cwis.kub.nl/~ticer/spring02/index.htm
: Geneva, March 3-8
:
: * Search Engine Strategies
:
http://seminars.internet.com/sew/spring02/index.html
: Boston, March 4-5
:
: * Towards an Information Society for All
:
http://www.britishcouncil.de/e/infoexch/berlin.htm
: Berlin, March 8-9
:
: * 17th ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. Special tracks on Database and
: Digital Library Technologies; Electronic Books for Teaching and Learning;
: and Information Access and Retrieval
:
http://www.acm.org/conferences/sac/sac2002/Tracks.htm
: Madrid, March 10-14
:
: * Digitization for Cultural Heritage Professionals: An Intensive Program
:
http://www.ils.unc.edu/DCHP/
: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, March 10-15
:
: * EUSDIC Spring Meeting. E-Content: Divide or Rule
:
http://www.eusidic.org/Paris2002Spring%20Meeting.htm
: Paris, March 11-12
:
: * Knowledge Technologies Conference 2002
:
http://www.knowledgetechnologies.net/
: Seattle, March 11-13
:
: * Computers in Libraries 2002
:
http://www.infotoday.com/cil2002/default.htm
: Washington D.C., March 13-15
:
: * International Conference on the Statistical Analysis of Textual Data
:
http://www.irisa.fr/manifestations/2002/JADT/welcome.htm
: St. Malo, March 13-15
:
: * The Electronic Publishers Coalition (EPC) conference on ebooks and
: epublishing (obscurely titled, Electronically Published Internet
: Connection, or EPIC)
:
http://www.epccentral.org/epic.html
: Seattle, March 14-16
:
: * Digital Resources and International Information Exchange: East-West
:
http://www.iliac.org/seminar/sem1.html
: March 15 (Washington DC), 18 (Flushing NY), 20 (Stamford CT)
:
: * Internet Librarian International 2002
:
http://www.internet-librarian.com/index.html
: London, March 18-20
:
: * The New Information Order and the Future of the Archive
:
http://www.ed.ac.uk/iash/archive.conference.html
: Edinburgh, March 20-23
:
: * Institute of Mueum and Library Services. Building Digital Communities
:
http://webwise.mse.jhu.edu/
: Baltimore, March 20-22
:
: * Advanced Licensing Workshop
:
http://www.arl.org/scomm/licensing/advlic.html
: Dallas, March 20-22
:
: * Electronic Publishing Strategy
:
http://www.alpsp.org/tEPS220302.htm
: London, March 22
:
: * OCLC Institute. Steering by Standards. (A series of satellite
: videoconferences.)
:
http://www.oclc.org/institute/events/sbs.htm
: Cyberspace. OAI, March 26. OAIS, April 19. Metadata standards in the
: future, May 29.
:
: * WebSearch University
:
http://www.websearchu.com/
: San Francisco, March 25-26; Stamford CT, April 30 - May 1; Washington DC,
: September 23-24; Chicago, Octeober 22-23; Dallas, November 19-20.
:
: * European Colloquium on Information Retrieval Research
:
http://www.cs.strath.ac.uk/ECIR02/
: Glasgow, March 25-27
:
: * e-Content: Discovering and Delivering Value
:
http://www.informationhighways.net/conf/cindex.html
: Toronto, March 25-27
:
: * New Developments in Digital Libraries
:
http://www.iceis.org/workshops/nddl/nddl-cfp.htm
: Ciudad Real, Spain, April 2-3
:
: * The New Information Order and the Future of the Archive
:
http://www.ed.ac.uk/iash/archive.conference.html
: Edinburgh, March 20-23
:
: * Copyright Management in Higher Education: Ownership, Access and Control
:
http://www.umuc.edu/distance/odell/cip/copy_manage2002/
: Adelphi, Maryland, April 4-5
:
: * International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing
:
http://www.cs.clemson.edu/~srimani/itcc2002/cfp.html
: Las Vegas, April 8-10
:
: * NetLab and Friends: 10 Years of Digital Library Development
:
http://www.lub.lu.se/netlab/conf/
: Lund, April 10-12
:
: * E-Content 2002 (on ebooks)
:
http://litc.sbu.ac.uk/econtent/index.html
: London, April 11
:
: * International Learned Journals Seminar: We Can't Go On Like This: The
: Future of Journals
:
http://www.alpsp.org/s120402.htm
: London, April 12
:
: * SIAM International Conference on Data Mining
:
http://www.siam.org/meetings/sdm02/
: Arlington, Virginia, April 11-13
:
: * Creating access to information: EBLIDA workshop on getting a better deal
: from your information licences
:
http://www.eblida.org/conferences/licensing/licensing.htm
: The Hague, April 12
:
: * United Kingdom Serials Group Annual Conference and Exhibition
:
http://www.uksg.org/conference.htm
: University of Warwick, April 15- 17
:
: * EDUCAUSE Networking 2002
:
http://www.educause.edu/netatedu/events/net2002/
: Washington, D.C., April 17-18
:
: * Museums and the Web 2002
:
http://www.archimuse.com/mw2002/
: Boston, April 17-20
:
: * Information, Knowledges and Society: Challenges of A New Era
:
http://www.congreso-info.cu/venglish.htm
: Havana, April 22-26
:
: ----------
:
: The Free Online Scholarship Newsletter is supported by a grant from the
: Open Society Institute.
:
http://www.osi.hu/infoprogram/
:
: ==========
:
: This is the Free Online Scholarship Newsletter (ISSN 1535-7848).
:
: Please feel free to forward any issue of the newsletter to interested
: colleagues. If you are reading a forwarded copy of this issue, you may
: subscribe by signing up at the FOS home page.
:
: FOS home page, general information, subscriptions, editorial position
:
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/index.htm
:
: FOS Newsletter, subscriptions, back issues
:
http://www.topica.com/lists/suber-fos
:
: FOS Discussion Forum, subscriptions, postings
:
http://www.topica.com/lists/fos-forum
:
: Guide to the FOS Movement
:
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/guide.htm
:
: Sources for the FOS Newsletter
:
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/sources.htm
:
: Peter Suber
:
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters
:
: Copyright (c) 2002, Peter Suber
:
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/copyrite.htm
--
Peter D. Junger--Case Western Reserve University Law School--Cleveland, OH
EMAIL: junger_at_samsara.law.cwru.edu URL: http://samsara.law.cwru.edu
NOTE: junger_at_pdj2-ra.f-remote.cwru.edu no longer exists
Received on Thu Jan 31 2002 - 20:04:31 GMT